Nanoscience and technology are capable of taking control of matter in nanometer dimensions and exploiting the phenomena of this scale of materials in new sciences and techniques. Nanotechnology will in the near future include all the new technologies and, instead of competing with existing technologies, it will rapidly improve their speed and will have far-reaching functions. It should be noted that nanotechnology is not a special field; it is a new method in all disciplines. In recent years, nanotechnology has grown rapidly as an interdisciplinary technology and has entered a rapidly growing range of industries, agriculture, the environment, medicine, and so on. The introduction of this technology into the concrete industry, along with great changes in many of the properties of this material, will be used to make major improvements in the building industry, enabling engineers and builders to build solid structures. Among the nanoparticles used to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of concrete, alumina and iron oxide nanoparticles can be mentioned. In addition to investigating the synthesis of these nanoparticles, this study also examines the effects of these nanomaterials on concrete properties.